Pentax S1 vs. Sony HX400V: A Thorough Comparison of Compact and Superzoom Cameras for Photography Enthusiasts

When selecting a compact camera, photographers often wrestle with the trade-offs between portability, zoom range, image quality, and overall versatility. The Pentax Optio S1 (S1) and the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-HX400V (HX400V) - both released in the early 2010s - offer markedly different approaches to the compact camera category. The Pentax S1 embodies the traditional slim compact philosophy with a modest zoom range and simple operation, while Sony's HX400V leans into a bridge superzoom form factor with extensive focal length coverage and advanced features.

Drawing on extensive hands-on experience and rigorous testing methodology accumulated over decades of camera evaluations, this article dives deep into the strengths and limitations of these two models across key photographic disciplines, technical attributes, and practical usage scenarios. Our goal is to provide nuanced, user-centric insights that help both photography enthusiasts and professionals understand which camera aligns best with their creative needs and budget constraints.

Understanding the Basics: Body Design and Ergonomics

Looking at these cameras side-by-side, their physical distinctions immediately signal their target users and functionalities.

The Pentax S1 is a quintessential pocket-sized compact, weighing a mere 157 grams and measuring 114 x 58 x 28 mm. Its slim profile is designed primarily for effortless carry, slipping easily into a jacket pocket or small bag. The minimalist ergonomics prioritize straightforward operation but offer limited tactile controls. It features a fixed, non-articulating 2.7-inch TFT LCD (230k dots) without touchscreen capabilities, which suffices for casual framing but provides limited flexibility or detailed image review.

Conversely, the Sony HX400V embraces a bulkier bridge camera style, tipping the scales at 660 grams with dimensions of 130 x 93 x 103 mm. It sports an SLR-like grip, affording a secure, comfortable hold during extended telephoto shooting. The 3-inch tilting LCD with 921k dots vastly improves composition versatility and post-capture image assessment. Additionally, the HX400V incorporates a 100% coverage electronic viewfinder (EVF), essential for bright outdoor conditions where LCD visibility suffers.

Both cameras lack environmental sealing and durability protections such as dustproofing or waterproofing, a common limitation at their price levels.

Pentax’s minimal control layout contrasts with Sony’s more extensive button array and dedicated dials, supporting manual exposure adjustments and continuous shooting options that the S1 does not offer.

Sensor Technologies and Image Quality Fundamentals

The heart of any camera’s image quality lies in its sensor and processing pipeline. Both the S1 and HX400V employ the ubiquitous 1/2.3-inch sensor size (6.17 x 4.55 mm; 28.07 mm² area), typical among compact and bridge cameras prioritizing zoom and portability over large sensor performance. Despite identical sensor dimensions, technological execution diverges considerably.

Pentax’s S1 integrates a 14-megapixel CCD sensor without RAW file output, relying solely on JPEG processing internally. CCD sensors, though once popular for their color richness, tend to lag behind CMOS designs in noise performance and dynamic range, especially in adverse lighting.

Sony’s HX400V benefits from a 20.4-megapixel back-illuminated CMOS sensor paired with the advanced BIONZ X image processor. This combination affords superior high ISO response (up to ISO 12800 vs. the S1’s max ISO 6400), improved dynamic range, enhanced color depth, and faster readout speeds critical for better focusing and video capture. The HX400V also maintains standard JPEG output without RAW support - a customary omission in this class - though its superior sensor and processor help mitigate this limitation.

Resolution-wise, the HX400V produces 5184 x 3888 images, providing extra detail and flexibility when cropping, while the S1's maximum resolution is slightly lower at 4288 x 3216 pixels.

In practice, the HX400V’s CMOS sensor yields noticeably cleaner images at higher ISOs and richer color fidelity under mixed lighting conditions, an essential advantage for enthusiasts shooting in variable scenarios such as indoor events or dim landscapes.

Autofocus System and Continuous Shooting Performance

Fast and accurate autofocus is crucial across many photographic genres, from wildlife to sports to street photography.

The Pentax S1 offers a 9-point contrast-detection autofocus system with single AF mode only, including basic AF tracking. However, due to older technology, the focusing speed is slow, and it lacks face or eye detection, limiting its suitability for fast-moving subjects or portraiture where precise eye focus is critical.

By contrast, the Sony HX400V equips a more sophisticated 9-point contrast-detection AF augmented with face detection and multi-area AF selection. While it lacks phase-detection autofocus or hybrid AF, the BIONZ X processor improves AF responsiveness substantially. The HX400V supports continuous autofocus tracking - a benefit for wildlife and action photography.

Regarding burst capabilities, the S1 performs a single frame per second continuous shoot rate, insufficient for most fast-action uses, while the HX400V offers a 10 fps burst shooting mode with autofocus lock, which, although limited compared to professional-level cameras, provides a solid foundation for capturing fleeting moments during sports or wildlife sequences.

Lens and Zoom Range: Versatility in Focal Length

Arguably, the headline feature separating these two models is their lens design and focal length versatility.

Pentax’s S1 houses a fixed 28-140 mm (35mm equivalent) zoom lens with a maximum aperture range of F3.5-5.5, delivering a modest 5x optical zoom. While sufficient for casual landscape, portrait, or travel snapshots, this zoom range restricts reach for more demanding telephoto work.

The Sony HX400V dramatically expands capabilities with a 24-1200 mm (50x) superzoom lens sporting an aperture range of F2.8-6.3. This extensive reach means it can capture wide-angle landscapes with subtle perspective control, intimate macro-like shots at 1 cm focusing distance, and distant wildlife or sports action that would be inaccessible to fixed-range compacts.

Though the variable aperture narrows to f/6.3 at full zoom, the optical image stabilization (OIS) helps mitigate camera shake that is common at extended focal lengths.

This zoom superiority opens the door for diverse photographic disciplines for the HX400V, making it a Swiss Army knife of bridge camera usability.

Portrait Photography: Skin Tones, Bokeh, and Eye Detection

Shooting flattering portraits demands accurate skin tone reproduction, smooth background blur, and reliable autofocus on the subject’s eyes.

The Pentax S1’s CCD sensor produces reasonably pleasing skin tones straight out of JPEG, although without the benefit of manual exposure modes or sophisticated AF aids, photographers are limited in creative control. The fixed lens's moderate aperture makes achieving creamy bokeh challenging; out-of-focus backgrounds often lack smoothness, particularly at the wider end.

On the other hand, the Sony HX400V’s wider aperture of f/2.8 at the wide-angle setting helps isolate subjects better with background defocus, although at telephoto extremes, the narrow aperture reduces bokeh quality. The inclusion of face detection autofocus significantly improves focus accuracy on portraits, a boon for casual portraitists and travel photographers alike.

Neither camera supports eye-tracking autofocus - a feature common on modern, higher-end cameras - but the HX400V’s superior processing and multi-area AF give it an edge in consistently sharp portraits.

Landscape Photography: Dynamic Range, Resolution, and Weather Resistance

Landscape photographers prioritize resolution, dynamic range, and robust design features enabling shooting in diverse conditions.

While both cameras deliver sufficient resolution for moderate-sized prints, the Sony HX400V’s 20 MP sensor confers more latitude for cropping and large prints. Unfortunately, neither camera provides RAW shooting to maximize post-processing flexibility - a considerable drawback for disciplined landscape shooters.

Dynamic range, the difference between the darkest and brightest tones captured, tends to be limited on small 1/2.3” sensors, but the HX400V’s BSI-CMOS architecture yields improved range and shadow detail compared to the S1’s older CCD.

Notably, neither camera has environmental sealing or advanced weather resistance, a downside for outdoor shooting in harsh conditions. Photographers requiring weatherproof durability will need to invest in protective accessories or consider more rugged options.

Wildlife Photography: Autofocus Speed, Telephoto Reach, and Burst Rates

Wildlife demands fast focus, significant telephoto reach, and rapid continuous shooting to capture elusive moments.

The Pentax S1 falls short for serious wildlife use - its limited 5x zoom, slower autofocus, and 1 fps burst rate constrain capturing small or fast-moving animals.

In stark contrast, the Sony HX400V excels with its staggering 50x zoom, delivering focal lengths up to 1200 mm equivalent - enabling even distant birds or shy mammals to be captured appreciably detailed. The 10 fps burst capability, enhanced AF tracking, and faster shutter speeds (max 1/4000s) improve success rates for action shots. Optical image stabilization is critical here, minimizing handshake blur at extreme zoom.

While a dedicated DSLR or mirrorless camera with interchangeable telephoto lenses surpasses the HX400V in image quality and focusing sophistication, this bridge camera offers an extraordinary all-in-one package for wildlife enthusiasts on a budget or seeking convenience.

Sports Photography: Tracking Accuracy, Low Light, and Frame Rates

Sports photography heavily relies on autofocus tracking, high frame rates, and solid performance at varying light conditions.

The Pentax S1’s autofocus and slow 1 fps continuous shooting do not meet the demands of dynamic sports scenarios. Its limited ISO range and older sensor further inhibit shooting in often low-light indoor or twilight sports arenas.

By comparison, the Sony HX400V’s 10 fps burst (while locking focus during the burst) and more advanced AF system provide a basic but usable sports photography solution. Its maximum ISO of 12800 helps accommodate less-than-ideal lighting - though image noise at very high ISO settings remains a concern. The maximum shutter speed of 1/4000s allows freezing rapid motion, crucial for sharp sports images.

The HX400V is thus a competent entry-level sports camera, useful when portability and zoom range trump professional-grade performance.

Street Photography: Discreteness, Low Light Capability, and Portability

Street photographers value small size, swift operation, and excellent low-light performance.

Here, the Pentax S1 holds a distinct advantage due to its discreet, compact form factor and modest weight. Carrying this device inconspicuously encourages spontaneous candid shooting. However, its limited low-light capability, slow autofocus, and lack of fast burst shooting temper its effectiveness.

The Sony HX400V, bulky and heavy, is less suited for unobtrusive street photography despite having better low-light performance and faster AF. Its prominent superzoom lens, larger body, and EVF make it more conspicuous but better equipped for varied lighting and focal lengths encountered in street scenes.

Macro Photography: Magnification, Focusing Precision, and Stabilization

Close-up photography reveals minute details often overlooked, requiring precise focusing and sometimes significant magnification.

Both cameras allow focusing as close as 1 cm, enabling macro shots of flowers, insects, or textures. The S1’s sensor-shift image stabilization aids steadiness in handheld shooting, which is beneficial since macro photography is sensitive to camera shake.

The Sony HX400V employs optical image stabilization which, combined with its longer zoom and tilting LCD, facilitates composition in awkward macro situations. Additionally, the HX400V’s manual focus control and AF assist allow better focusing precision in macro mode compared to the limited systems on the S1.

Photographers focused on macro subjects will find more creative flexibility on the HX400V, though neither camera rivals dedicated macro lenses on interchangeable systems.

Night and Astro Photography: High ISO Performance and Exposure Modes

Night and astrophotography demand excellent noise control at very high ISOs and specialized exposure controls.

Pentax’s S1 maxes out at ISO 6400, but its noisy CCD sensor and lack of RAW output restrict image quality for low-light or starry sky shots. Limited shutter speed range (max 1/1500s) and absence of bulb mode further hinder long-exposure astrophotography.

Sony HX400V extends ISO sensitivity to 12800 and provides longer exposures (up to 30s), critical for capturing faint stars and night scenes. While still constrained by small sensor size, its BSI-CMOS sensor and better noise handling afford improved usability in challenging darkness.

Neither camera supports dedicated astro modes or intervalometer/timelapse recording directly, limiting extended night photography applications.

Video Capabilities: Recording Specs and Stabilization

Video functions have become standard expectations, underpinning many hybrid photo/video workflows.

The Pentax S1 records up to HD 720p at 30 fps using Motion JPEG format, which is less efficient and produces large files. It lacks an external microphone port and offers no image stabilization dedicated to video besides general sensor-shift IS. The fixed, non-articulating screen and absence of touchscreen controls reduce ergonomics for video.

Sony HX400V supports 1080p Full HD video up to 60 fps in AVCHD and MPEG-4 formats, improving quality and compatibility. It includes optical stabilization, reducing video shake effectively. Importantly, it features a microphone input for better audio capture, an advantage for serious video creators.

While neither camera targets professional video production, the HX400V provides more capable multimedia utility.

Travel Photography: Versatility, Battery Life, Size, and Weight

Travel photography calls for balance: lightweight gear with versatile focal lengths and reliable battery life.

Pentax S1 scores high points with its pocketable size, lightweight body, and 260-shot CIPA-rated battery life, ideal for casual sightseeing and minimal packing.

Sony HX400V’s larger build and 660-gram heft increase travel bag space and weight but reward users with instant access to a 50x zoom range and 300-shot battery life (slightly better endurance) for extended explorations.

Choosing between the two depends on whether one prioritizes minimalism (S1) or all-in-one power (HX400V) while traveling.

Professional Use: Reliability, File Formats, and Workflow Integration

Neither camera is designed as a professional tool. Still, aspects like reliability, format options, and workflow compatibility matter.

The Pentax S1’s lack of RAW denies professional post-processing latitude, and its modest features reflect an entry-level positioning.

Sony HX400V, though superior in specifications, remains limited by its fixed-lens design and lack of RAW support, restricting serious professional workflows. It does provide USB and HDMI outputs for tethering and external monitoring and GPS for geotagging - useful for field documentation.

Both models are more suited as secondary cameras or travel-friendly backups for professionals.

Build and Weather Resistance: Durability Considerations

Neither Pentax S1 nor Sony HX400V incorporates environmental sealing, dustproofing, or shockproofing - important for rugged outdoor usage. The HX400V’s robust build and rubberized grips lend better handling durability, but users must exercise care to avoid exposure to elements.

Connectivity and Storage: Wireless Features and Expandability

Connectivity is a crucial factor in today’s highly connected workflows.

Pentax S1 offers only USB 2.0 and HDMI ports, with no wireless features, thus requiring cables for image transfer.

Sony HX400V includes built-in GPS for location tagging and NFC wireless for quick pairing with compatible smartphones, facilitating image sharing and remote control via apps. The camera supports a wider range of storage media, including SD/SDHC/SDXC and Sony’s Memory Stick formats, adding flexibility.

Battery and Storage Performance

As noted, the S1’s 260-shot battery life is fair for a compact, while the HX400V’s 300-shot rating benefits longer shooting sessions, especially with its EVF usage alternatives.

Both cameras feature single SD card slots, limiting storage expansion redundancy but common for their class and time.

Price-to-Performance Assessment

At the time of analysis, the Pentax S1 positions at a budget-friendly price point (~$174), appealing to casual users valuing ultra-portability and simplicity. Its compromises in image quality and features reflect this affordability.

The Sony HX400V, retailing at approximately $448, represents a mid-range superzoom with substantial feature and zoom advantages, justifying its higher cost for enthusiasts seeking a versatile, long-zoom camera without switching lenses.

Summing Up: Overall Performance Ratings and Genre-Specific Analysis

Reviewing the comprehensive metrics:

• Pentax S1 excels as a pocketable travel and street camera where size and quick snapshots trump extensive control.
• Sony HX400V shines across wildlife, sports, macro, landscape, and video applications, balancing superzoom reach and competent imaging performance.

Pentax S1 front Pentax S1 screen back Sony HX400V front Sony HX400V screen back

Final Recommendations: Which Camera Fits Your Needs?

For Beginners, Casual Photographers, and Travelers:

The Pentax S1 stands out as a lightweight, compact, budget-conscious option ideal for those valuing absolute portability and simple operation. Its slower performance and limited zoom won't satisfy advanced use but suit snapshot-type photography.

For Enthusiasts Seeking Versatility and Zoom Power:

The Sony HX400V is a compelling choice for photographers wanting broad focal length flexibility in an all-in-one body, ready for wildlife, sports, travel, and video - with acceptable compromises on sensor size and non-RAW output.

Photography gear selection remains a personal balance of priorities, and these two cameras illustrate divergent paths within the compact category, each with its targeted strengths. Those emphasizing size and ease gravitate to Pentax S1, while versatility and reach steer users toward Sony HX400V.

Choosing between them requires careful consideration of photographic priorities, budget, and willingness to trade portability versus zoom and control.

This detailed comparison aims to empower informed, experience-based purchasing decisions grounded in extensive hands-on evaluations and technical metrics, helping photographers acquire the right tool to capture their creative vision.