Fujifilm X100S vs Leica D-Lux Typ 109: A Hands-On Comparison of Two Large Sensor Compacts

When the mirrorless revolution was at a full boil, a certain niche of camera lovers continually gravitated toward those “large sensor compact” cameras - a delightful blend of pocketability and serious image quality. Among the many contenders, FujiFilm’s X100 series and Leica’s D-Lux lineup have been perennial favorites, each carving out a distinct identity. Today, we’re diving into a detailed, head-to-head look at the 2013 Fujifilm X100S and the 2014 Leica D-Lux Typ 109 - two cameras that still spark debate among street photographers, travel enthusiasts, and even some pros looking for a trusty backup.

I've spent months with both these cameras, across a variety of genres, pushing their limits and discovering their sweet spots (and quirks). This isn’t a spec sheet recital but an honest, experience-driven narrative based on thousands of images, long hours in the field, and evenings reviewing files at pixel-level detail.

First Impressions: Size, Feel, and Controls

Right off the bat, the Fujifilm X100S asserts a retro charm with its dedicated dials and leaf shutter design - almost begging you to slow down and contemplate each shot. It measures a bit larger and heavier than the Leica, coming in at 127×74×54 mm and 445 grams, compared to the D-Lux Typ 109's sleeker 118×66×55 mm and 405 grams. In a world where millimeters and grams matter for a grab-and-go rig, the Leica wins the portability race by a narrow margin.

Handling wise, the X100S feels more solid and intentional. Its grip - while not a full-on DSLR beefiness - is sculpted enough for secure, one-handed operation. The Leica is delightfully compact, but its smaller body and simpler grip can become fiddly during extended shoots or in cold weather when wearing gloves.

The control layout difference is telling: the Fuji embraces physical, tactile dials for shutter speed, exposure compensation, and aperture ring on the lens, encouraging a manual-photographer mindset. Leica leans more minimalist, with fewer external dials but a responsive control ring around the lens that handles zoom - from 24-75mm equivalent - and a more conventional cluster for exposures.

For street photographers who want to duck in and out of scenes with reflex-like control, the X100S’s knobs impart a calming control ritual that can become hypnotic (in a good way). Meanwhile, Leica’s approach better suits travelers or vloggers who prefer quicker zoom versatility and simpler operation.

Under The Hood: Sensor and Image Quality

Time for the meaty stuff - image quality. Both cameras sport APS-C or larger “large sensors,” but their technology and implications couldn’t be more different.

The Fujifilm X100S packs a 16MP APS-C X-Trans II CMOS sensor sized at 23.6 x 15.8 mm, a sensor that's slightly larger than standard APS-C. Fujifilm’s proprietary X-Trans sensor and color filter array aim to reduce moiré effects and anti-aliasing blurs, delivering sharper images without a low-pass filter - something palpable when pixel-peeping portraits or detailed textures.

On the other hand, the Leica D-Lux Typ 109 features a smaller Four Thirds sensor at 17.3 x 13 mm with 13MP resolution, equipped with a traditional Bayer filter and an anti-aliasing filter - a more conventional sensor design. While the Leica’s sensor is smaller, it compensates with a fast zoom lens and image stabilization to help scene versatility.

Real-world implications? In good light, Fuji’s X100S shots exhibit finer detail and better dynamic range, thanks to the larger sensor and X-Trans tech - ideal for large prints or cropping flexibility. The Leica images are still impressive, with arguably more punchy in-camera JPEGs (and arguably better color science leaning on Panasonic’s engine), but you’ll notice less depth of field control and some high-ISO noise creeping in faster as the scene darkens.

Peering Through The Viewfinder and Screen

A decent viewfinder often gets overlooked in pocket-sized cameras, yet it makes a world of difference in composition speed and accuracy - especially under varying light.

The Fujifilm offers a unique hybrid Electronic and Optical (tunnel) viewfinder with 2350 dots resolution, 90% coverage, and 0.5x magnification. You can toggle or overlay electronic data onto the optical finder, which feels fantastic on sunny days when LCD glare is problematic.

Leica serves up a sharp Electronic viewfinder (EVF) at 2760 dots, with full 100% coverage and a 0.7x magnification. The EVF is larger and clearer - ideal for critical focusing and framing but can be a battery hog compared to Fuji’s optical route.

Both screens are fixed and not touch-sensitive. The Leica’s 3-inch, 921k-dot screen outperforms Fuji’s slightly smaller 2.8-inch, 460k-dot LCD in crispness and brightness, which makes reviewing shots and navigating menus smoother, especially outdoors.

For those of us who rely heavily on the viewfinder, the Fuji feels like the more “photographer-centric” experience, leaning into its hybrid design. Leica’s EVF and larger rear screen offer a more modern tech taste but at the expense of battery and occasional lag.

Autofocus and Shooting Performance: The Race to the Perfect Moment

If you ask a wildlife or sports shooter, autofocus speed and accuracy dictate the difference between a keeper and a missed shot. Let’s sift through the specs and my real-world tests for both.

The X100S features contrast-detection autofocus with 49 areas but lacks advanced face or eye detection, continuous tracking, or phase detection. Its autofocus can feel a touch sluggish, especially in low light or fast action scenarios. However, with predictable, static subjects - portraits or landscapes - it’s accurate and consistent.

The Leica D-Lux Typ 109 ups the ante with 49 AF points, including face detection and AF tracking that can follow subjects smoothly. Its speed benefit shows most in street or event photography, where subjects wander and unpredictability reigns. Plus, continuous shooting at 11fps (frames per second) beats Fuji’s 6fps, offering more punch for fleeting moments.

When tested in challenging autofocus conditions like dim indoor light or backlit subjects, Leica’s AF hunted less and locked focus quicker, although neither camera would satisfy pro-level sports or wildlife demands where ultra-fast, phase-detection AF with animal eye tracking reigns supreme.

Lens and Optics: Fixed Focal vs Versatile Zoom

The lens debate here is almost philosophical. Fuji’s X100S sports a sharp 35mm equivalent fixed focal length lens with a bright F2.0 aperture - a dream for portrait, street, and low-light shooters who appreciate shallow depth of field and superb bokeh quality.

Leica’s D-Lux Typ 109 features a fast 24-75mm equivalent zoom lens with F1.7-2.8 aperture range, which spells versatility for landscapes, portraits, and general travel photography, yet you lose that creamy bokeh effect as you zoom out.

Fujifilm X100S front Fujifilm X100S screen back Leica D Lux Typ 109 front

I found myself reaching for the X100S when working on deliberate compositions - portraits with softly blurred backgrounds or fine texture capture in still life - where the fixed prime demands you reposition yourself physically, encouraging a mindful shoot.

Conversely, Leica’s zoom excels in walk-around scenarios and travel where shooting flexibility counts more than single focal length perfection. The lens also includes optical image stabilization, giving it an edge in handheld low light or video shooting, something the Fuji notably lacks.

Battery Life, Storage, and Connectivity: Practical Considerations in the Field

For pro photographers and enthusiasts who shoot extensively on location, battery stamina and connectivity options can make or break an outing.

The Fujifilm X100S offers a respectable battery life rated for 330 shots per charge using the NP-95 battery, coupled with SD/SDHC/SDXC single card slot storage. No wireless connectivity except Eye-Fi card support means sharing or tethering is limited.

Leica’s D-Lux Typ 109 clocks in at around 300 shots per battery, slightly lower but augmented by built-in wireless connectivity and NFC - handy for quick transfers to phones or tablets, especially for on-the-go sharing. Its SD card slot supports high-speed UHS-I cards, beneficial for 4K video recording and rapid shooting bursts.

Versatility Across Photography Genres: Who Wins Where?

Portrait Photography

The Fuji’s fixed 35mm F2.0 lens, paired with the X-Trans sensor, gives portraits a distinct, filmic character. Skin tones pop naturally with minimal post-processing, and the bokeh is creamy and smooth. However, the lack of face or eye detection AF means you'll need solid manual focusing skills or patience to nail focus on eyes.

Leica's face detection autofocus aids in snapping quick portraits, and its longer zoom range allows flattering framing. Still, the Four Thirds sensor limits depth of field control compared to Fuji, resulting in less background isolation.

Landscape Photography

In landscapes, detail retention and dynamic range shine, and Fuji’s larger sensor with no anti-aliasing filter excels. Dynamic range lets you bring back shadow and highlight info lost on lesser sensors.

The Leica’s smaller sensor and AA filter can limit ultimate detail and highlight recovery. However, its wider 24mm end captures ultra-wide vistas better, and optical image stabilization helps in handheld shooting during golden hour.

Wildlife and Sports Photography

Neither camera is designed to duke it out with full-frame mirrorless or DSLRs in high-speed action. That said, Leica’s faster burst rate and superior AF tracking make it marginally better suited for slower-moving wildlife or sports.

Fuji’s fixed lens and slower AF limit action utility, but it remains a top choice for environmental portraits or street shooting where split-second AF isn't critical.

Street and Travel Photography

Here is where personal style and priorities matter most. Fuji’s X100S lends itself to the deliberate “slow street” style with its manual controls, hybrid viewfinder, and 35mm prime lens; you become the observer with artistic intentionality.

Leica’s D-Lux Typ 109, with its compactness, zoom versatility, and faster AF, offers a nimble street/travel vantage - capturing spontaneous moments with minimal fuss.

Macro Photography

Close focusing distance favors Leica’s 3cm minimum versus Fuji’s 10cm, allowing more detailed close-ups. Meanwhile, Fuji’s lack of image stabilization makes handheld macro more challenging.

Night and Astrophotography

Fuji’s X-Trans sensor performs admirably up to ISO 6400, and its manual controls give exposure flexibility crucial at night. Leica can shoot up to ISO 25600, but increased noise becomes a factor. Neither camera has built-in bulb timers, but Fuji’s longer min shutter (30 sec) helps for some astro exposures.

Video Capabilities

Leica trumpets 4K video recording at 30p and 24p, which is a big win in this comparison - especially for enthusiasts marrying stills and video. The X100S maxes out at 1080p 60fps and lacks in-body stabilization, making video steadiness a challenge.

Neither offers microphone or headphone jacks, so audio quality is limited to onboard mics - adequate for casual use only.

Build Quality and Reliability: A Matter of Faith and Feel

Both cameras eschew weather sealing and extreme durability claims. Fuji’s metal body feels robust, with better grip and more tactile buttons, catering to photographers who enjoy tactile engagement.

Leica’s build is equally solid but more minimalistic - think elegant rather than rugged. In real-world punishing use, Fuji’s ergonomics give a slight edge for prolonged shoots; Leica is better as a carry-on companion.

Price and Value: What Your Wallet Should Expect

Priced around $1299 at launch, the Fujifilm X100S initially felt like good value for a large-sensor compact with a sharp prime lens and hybrid viewfinder. Meanwhile, the Leica D-Lux Typ 109 retailed lower at roughly $1095, offering zoom versatility and 4K video, but arguably less sensor bang for the buck.

Given current secondhand market shifts, Leica tends to retain value better (thanks to brand cachet), while the Fuji can be found for more affordable rates - making it an excellent entry to large-sensor prime photography.

Summing Up with Genre-Specific Scores

To visualize these nuanced differences, I’ve compiled the following genre-specific performance ratings based on extensive side-by-side use, factoring autofocus, image quality, handling, and feature sets.

The takeaway: Fuji’s X100S excels when image quality, manual control, and intentional shooting style matter most. Leica’s D-Lux offers better flexibility, speed, and video options, tailored for the versatile traveler and hybrid shooters.

Final Thoughts: Which Camera Suits Your Photography Journey?

Choose the Fujifilm X100S if:

• You savor classic photographer controls - dedicated dials and manual focus feel
• You want the edge of larger APS-C sensor quality with beautiful prime lens rendering
• Portraits, street photography, and landscape are your main disciplines
• You don’t need extensive video functionality or zoom flexibility
• You prioritize image aesthetics over burst speed or zoom versatility

Go with the Leica D-Lux Typ 109 if:

• Pocketable versatility with a fast zoom range is your priority
• You need snappy autofocus with face detection for street and casual portraiture
• Video recording in 4K is a must-have feature
• You value a larger, clearer EVF and rear screen for reviewing images
• Wireless connectivity and timelapse mode add value to your creative toolkit

Over a decade since their launches, both these cameras uphold unique philosophies in the crowded "large sensor compact" market. They each invite you into a slightly different photographic experience - one beckoning for slow, thoughtful craftsmanship (Fuji), the other for nimble spontaneity (Leica).

As someone who’s carried them both around the world repeatedly, I can say confidently: neither is perfect, but both are deeply rewarding in their own right. It’s less about the camera picking you and more about what you want your camera to feel like in your hands - and what stories you want to tell through your lens.

Enjoy the journey, whatever model you choose!