Sony HX10V vs Sony RX100 IV: A Detailed Comparison for Discerning Photographers

When considering compact, high-zoom cameras from Sony, the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-HX10V and the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 IV frequently emerge as contenders, albeit separated by a few years and targeted at different segments. Both devices represent Sony’s approach to bridging portability with versatile photographic capabilities, yet their diverse sensor sizes, features, and handling philosophies cater to distinct user bases. This comprehensive comparison, grounded in hands-on testing and technical analysis, aims to illuminate both cameras' strengths and limitations, helping serious photography enthusiasts and professionals make informed, practical buying decisions.

Physical Design and Ergonomics: Handling in the Hand and on the Go

Physical dimensions and control layout are essential for a camera intended to be a companion in varied shooting scenarios.

• Sony HX10V measures roughly 105 x 60 x 34 mm and weighs a mere 234 grams. Its compact form factor favors portability but sacrifices some dedicated controls for direct manual input.
• Sony RX100 IV is slightly more substantial at 102 x 58 x 41 mm and weighs 298 grams, reflecting its larger sensor and more robust feature set.

Handling the HX10V reveals a straightforward, pocketable device with minimal tactile engagement - an ethos tailored for casual super-zoom uses. The grip is modest; extended shooting sessions may induce fatigue due to the slim profile and lighter build. Conversely, the RX100 IV, while still pocketable, offers a more confident hold, thanks to a marginally deeper chassis accommodating sophisticated internals and a more complex lens assembly.

The control layouts on both prioritize simplicity but diverge in accessibility and precision.

• The HX10V opts for minimal hardware dials and buttons, suitable for quick point-and-shoot photography but limiting for users demanding swift manual adjustments.
• The RX100 IV, theoretically, accommodates more customizable controls and a tilting screen, complemented by a built-in electronic viewfinder for composed framing in bright conditions.

While neither camera provides an extensive array of physical dials found on dedicated mirrorless models, the RX100 IV’s control scheme clearly edges ahead in ergonomic sophistication, making it more amenable to advanced shooting workflows.

Sensor and Image Quality: Beyond Megapixels

In evaluating camera image quality, sensor technology and size are paramount. They influence dynamic range, noise performance, and resolution nuances, directly impacting the usability of images in professional workflows.

• The Sony HX10V integrates a 1/2.3-inch BSI-CMOS sensor with 18 megapixels resolution, measuring 6.17 x 4.55 mm and covering approximately 28.07 mm².
• The Sony RX100 IV upgrades significantly with a larger 1-inch BSI-CMOS sensor sporting 20 megapixels, dimensions of 13.2 x 8.8 mm for a total area of 116.16 mm².

This drastic sensor size difference - HX10V’s sensor is roughly one quarter the size of the RX100 IV’s - has profound implications. Larger sensors generally afford better low-light capabilities, broader dynamic range, and higher fidelity in color and detail reproduction. Empirical lab measurements, such as DxO benchmarks, assign the RX100 IV an overall score of 70, a testament to its superior sensor performance, including color depth (22.9 bits) and dynamic range (~12.6 EV). The HX10V, untested on DxO, understandably trails behind due to inherent sensor limitations.

The HX10V’s smaller sensor struggles above ISO 800 with notable noise increases, while the RX100 IV maintains usable image quality up to ISO 3200, with acceptable noise at boosted ISO settings - a critical advantage for low-light and indoor shooting scenarios.

Lens Systems and Focal Range: Versatility vs. Optical Excellence

Optical design profoundly influences practical functionality, framing creative expression and composition capabilities.

• The HX10V sports a fixed zoom lens spanning an impressive 24-400 mm (equivalent) range at f/3.3-5.9 aperture.
• The RX100 IV provides a shorter zoom at 24-70 mm equivalent, but with markedly faster apertures of f/1.8-2.8.

The HX10V’s extended focal range with 16.7x zoom is ideal for wildlife, travel, and bird photography where reach is critical. However, this inclusiveness involves compromises in optical sharpness and distortion control, particularly at full zoom and wide apertures.

The RX100 IV, while limited to a 2.9x zoom, excels in sharpness, chromatic aberration control, and low-light imaging thanks to its brighter aperture and premium glass packages. The faster aperture enables shallower depth of field, providing more creative bokeh advantage suited for portraits and selective focusing.

Macro capability is comparable on both, maintaining a minimum focusing distance of approximately 5 cm. However, the RX100 IV’s superior optics aid in producing noticeably crisper close-up images.

Autofocus and Shooting Performance: Speed, Accuracy, and Continuous Capture

Autofocus systems define responsiveness and accuracy across genres.

• The HX10V uses a contrast-detection AF system with 9 focus points and face detection but no phase detection.
• The RX100 IV upgrades to 25 focus points with contrast-detection-based multi-area autofocus, continuous AF, and enhanced face detection.

Continuous autofocus and tracking on the RX100 IV ensures higher hit rates during action sequences such as sports or wildlife.

Maximum continuous frame rates also differ:

• HX10V delivers up to 10 fps burst shooting - commendable for its class but lacking persistent autofocus during bursts.
• RX100 IV provides a 16 fps burst with full AF tracking, enabling sharp image capture during fast-paced events.

Long shutter speeds max out at 1/1600s for HX10V, which is somewhat limiting for freezing extremely rapid motion or bright conditions, whereas RX100 IV extends to 1/2000s mechanical and 1/32000s electronic shutter speeds, including a silent shutter mode - valuable for discreet shooting.

Display and Viewfinder: Framing and User Interface

Visible composition tools affect usability under varying conditions.

The HX10V is limited to a fixed 3-inch TFT LCD with 922k-dot resolution, lacking any electronic viewfinder (EVF), mandating reliance on the rear screen in bright environments, which can be challenging.

The RX100 IV improves with a 3-inch tilting screen featuring higher resolution (approx. 1229k dots), better contrast, and a versatile angle adjustment mechanism for low/high-angle shots and selfies.

Crucially, the RX100 IV includes a high-resolution built-in EVF (2359k dots, 100% coverage, 0.59x magnification). This advantage significantly enhances framing accuracy in bright outdoor settings and stabilizes the shooting stance.

Video Capabilities: Resolution, Frame Rates, and Formats

For hybrid shooters, video functionality is a significant factor.

• The HX10V offers Full HD 1080p (60 fps) recording, supporting MPEG-4 and AVCHD codecs but lacks 4K video capture.
• The RX100 IV steps up with 4K Ultra HD recording at 30p, supplementing 1080p at 60p/60i/24p, plus high frame rate 720p at 120p for slow-motion effects. Video is encoded in MPEG-4, AVCHD, and advanced XAVC S formats.

Neither model supports external microphone input, limiting audio quality customizability, though both have built-in stereo microphones.

The RX100 IV’s superior video quality, advanced codec support, and internal stabilization system render it markedly preferable for hybrid photo-video content creators.

Build Quality, Weather Resistance, and Durability

Neither the HX10V nor RX100 IV feature extensive environmental sealing or shockproofing. Both cameras aim for compact portability over rugged durability. The RX100 IV’s slightly more substantial body offers a more solid in-hand feel, but neither will sustain professional-grade weatherproofing demands.

Users expecting shooting in adverse conditions should consider protective housings or cameras designed explicitly for rugged environments.

Battery Life and Storage Flexibility

Battery capacity directly affects shooting duration. The HX10V uses NP-BG1 batteries rated to about 320 shots per charge; RX100 IV uses NP-BX1 batteries rated approximately for 280 shots.

While the HX10V nominally outlasts the RX100 IV on a single charge, the RX100 IV’s more powerful imaging processing capabilities and EVF usage typically call for more frequent recharges in practice.

Both accept SD/SDHC/SDXC cards and proprietary Memory Stick variants, with single card slots only, standard for compact cameras.

Connectivity and Wireless Features

Modern camera connectivity supports seamless image transfer and remote control.

• The HX10V supports Eye-Fi connectivity (Wi-Fi through compatible cards) with built-in GPS geotagging.
• The RX100 IV integrates built-in Wi-Fi and NFC for streamlined wireless operation and smartphone pairing but lacks GPS.

The RX100 IV’s more up-to-date wireless features enhance instant sharing workflows preferred by social media enthusiasts and field professionals.

Field Test Insights Across Photography Genres

Portrait Photography

• RX100 IV excels in skin tone rendering and features a brighter lens (f/1.8–2.8) facilitating shallow depth of field and creamy bokeh, essential for flattering portraits.
• The HX10V’s smaller sensor inhibits background blur and lends a ‘compact camera’ look with deeper depth of field at equivalent focal lengths.
• Both have face detection autofocus, though RX100 IV’s refined AF system results in faster and more accurate eye focusing.

Landscape Photography

• The RX100 IV’s larger sensor provides superior dynamic range (12.6 EV vs. limited range on HX10V), retaining highlight and shadow details.
• HX10V’s resolution is sufficient for casual landscape use but shows softness and noise at higher ISO.
• Neither model feature weather sealing, limiting outdoor use in challenging weather.
• RX100 IV’s wider base (not zoomed in) offers more standard focal lengths for landscapes.

Wildlife Photography

• HX10V’s 400 mm reach explicitly benefits wildlife shooting but suffers from reduced image quality and slower AF.
• RX100 IV’s shorter zoom and higher image quality favor detail capture in closer proximity or cropped images, combined with rapid burst and AF.
• Neither camera’s focus systems include phase detection or advanced animal eye AF, limiting tracking in fast wildlife motion.

Sports Photography

• RX100 IV’s 16 fps burst with continuous AF and electronic shutter modes excel in capturing fast action.
• HX10V is restricted to 10 fps with single-shot AF, making it less reliable for rapid movement.
• RX100 IV’s faster shutter and silent mode aid shooting in noise-sensitive events.

Street Photography

• HX10V’s smaller, slimmer body and quieter operation is less conspicuous, appealing to street photographers valuing discretion.
• RX100 IV’s EVF aids composition in bright conditions, although its wider lens range offers less reach.
• RX100 IV tilting screen facilitates low-angle shots and candid styles.

Macro Photography

• Both cameras focus down to 5 cm, but RX100 IV’s better optics and sensor ensure sharper and more detailed close-ups.
• HX10V offers reasonable macro for casual users but can struggle with fine detail.

Night and Astrophotography

• RX100 IV’s 1-inch sensor coupled with a fast f/1.8 aperture and superior high ISO capability enables cleaner images in low-light or night scenarios.
• HX10V’s low-light performance degrades quickly, limiting astrophotography potential.
• RX100 IV’s longer shutter speed (30s max), electronic shutter, and superior RAW support empower night photography workflows significantly.

Video Recording

• RX100 IV offers 4K video capture at 30 fps, appealing to hybrid shooters requiring high resolution and detail.
• HX10V maxes out at Full HD 1080p 60 fps with simpler codec support.
• Both lack mic/headphone jacks; RX100 IV’s XAVC S codec yields better compression efficiency.

Travel Photography

• HX10V’s extensive zoom flexibility benefits travel shooters needing “one lens” solutions.
• RX100 IV’s image quality, compact robustness, and tilting screen make it a superior all-around choice despite shorter zoom.
• Battery life and weight favor the HX10V slightly on long itineraries.

Professional Usage

• RX100 IV supports RAW output, indispensable for demanding edits and professional workflows; HX10V lacks RAW, limiting post-processing latitude.
• Faster AF, higher burst, and better low-light results of RX100 IV support event, reportage, and commercial assignments where image quality cannot be compromised.
• Neither camera offers extensive weather sealing or lens interchangeability, so they serve best as complementary tools in professional kits.

Summary of Performance Scores by Photography Type

The RX100 IV consistently outperforms the HX10V across most photographic genres, particularly where image quality, speed, and flexibility are paramount. The HX10V retains niche relevance for users prioritizing long zoom and simplicity at budget-conscious prices.

Sample Images Comparison: Real-World Output

Sony HX10V front Sony HX10V screen back Sony RX100 IV front Sony RX100 IV screen back

This side-by-side gallery illustrates the distinct differences. Noticeably, the RX100 IV delivers sharper details, superior color fidelity, and less noise under challenging lighting.

Conclusion: Which Sony Compact Fits Your Needs?

Choosing between the Sony HX10V and RX100 IV depends acutely on priorities balanced against budget and use cases.

Final Thoughts: Practical Considerations

The HX10V, while dated against more recent compacts, offers a compelling choice for photographers who need a superzoom in a pocketable format without the complexity or price premium. Its limitations in sensor size and AF responsiveness reflect the technological context of its 2012 launch.

The RX100 IV embodies a leap forward, brilliantly bridging compact form with advanced imaging capabilities found in larger cameras, thanks to its 1-inch sensor and Bionz X processing engine. The added cost aligns with professional-level expectations and contemporary standards, making it the preferred tool for photographers needing uncompromised quality in a small package.

Prospective buyers should weigh their intended shooting genres, prioritizing sensor size, lens speed, and autofocus sophistication. Reviewing physical handling - both cameras in hand - is advisable, given the nuanced ergonomic differences.

This direct, hands-on comparison integrates technical expertise and field testing insights to present an exhaustive evaluation for informed camera purchasing decisions. Your choice between HX10V and RX100 IV will pivot primarily on image quality demands, zoom versatility, and feature sophistication, clarifying their respective places in personal and professional photographic arsenals.