Panasonic GH4 vs Sony A7 IV: A Definitive Pro Mirrorless Camera Showdown

Choosing the right professional mirrorless camera amid evolving technology can be daunting - especially when comparing industry stalwarts like the Panasonic Lumix GH4 and the Sony Alpha A7 IV. Both models have earned strong followings within the pro mirrorless segment but differ significantly across sensor technology, autofocus sophistication, video prowess, and overall system versatility.

Having extensively tested and benchmarked thousands of cameras across genres, I will guide you through a meticulous comparison of these two cameras. This analysis covers sensor performance, handling, autofocus, image and video capabilities, durability, and value, with expert insight tailored for enthusiasts and professionals alike seeking reliable, high-performance gear.

First Impressions and Ergonomics: Size, Weight, and Handling

When considering a camera, the physical design and ergonomics often make a practical difference in day-to-day use, impacting comfort during extended shoots or errands.

Panasonic GH4: The GH4 sports a classic SLR-style mirrorless body built on the Micro Four Thirds (MFT) standard, resulting in a compact and lightweight 560g frame measuring 133 × 93 × 84 mm. Its build is solid, with environmental sealing to resist dust and light moisture, appealing for outdoor landscape or travel shooters who prioritize portability without compromising durability.

Sony A7 IV: Weighing 699g and slightly smaller in width (129 mm) but taller (97 mm) and slimmer in depth (81 mm), the Sony A7 IV maintains a robust, weather-resistant magnesium alloy shell which is a signature of Sony’s full-frame lineup. The camera conveys a professional heft that balances well for heavier lenses, especially telephotos ideal for wildlife or sports.

Both cameras feature fully articulated 3-inch touchscreens; however, the GH4’s OLED display is noted for superior color richness and contrast, while Sony’s A7 IV offers a higher resolution screen for finer detail review on the go. Button layout on the A7 IV has evolved to provide quick access to AF settings and exposure controls, catering to advanced shooters, while the GH4’s tactile buttons emphasize simplicity but can feel slightly dated compared to modern rivals.

Overall, while the GH4’s compactness is ideal for users valuing travel-friendly form factors, the Sony A7 IV offers enhanced grip and control that better supports demanding professional workflows where a heftier body contributes to steadier handling.

Sensor & Image Quality: Size, Resolution, and Dynamic Range

At the heart of any camera lies its sensor, which strongly influences image resolution, dynamic range, low-light capabilities, and color depth.

Sensor Technology and Size

• Panasonic GH4: Featuring a 16 MP Four Thirds-sized CMOS sensor (17.3 × 13 mm), it employs a traditional Bayer filter array with an optical low-pass (anti-aliasing) filter. The smaller sensor area (~225 mm²) means a 2.1× crop factor, impacting field of view and depth-of-field characteristics relative to full-frame.
• Sony A7 IV: Boasts a large 33 MP full-frame (35.8 × 23.8 mm) back-illuminated CMOS sensor, approximately 3.8× larger in sensor area (~852 mm²). The BSI design improves light gathering and signal-to-noise ratio, translating to superior low-light sensitivity with a base ISO range as broad as 50–51200 (expandable).

Resolution and Detail
The Sony’s 33 MP resolution offers a significant advantage for photographers requiring detailed large prints or extensive cropping ability, especially in landscapes and commercial work. Meanwhile, the GH4’s 16 MP output, while modest by modern standards, delivers adequate detail for web use and 4K video editing but may fall short if high-resolution output is critical.

Dynamic Range and Color Depth
Industry testing reveals the GH4's dynamic range maxes at approximately 12.8 EV stops with a color depth of 23.2 bits, respectable for its segment and sensor size. However, Sony’s latest full-frame sensor consistently pushes these numbers higher (though exact DxO Mark scores for the A7 IV are pending, the predecessor had over 14 stops), yielding richer tonal gradations especially useful in high-contrast scenes such as landscapes and weddings.

Low-Light Performance
The GH4’s native base ISO starts at 200 with a max of 25600, though image quality degrades noticeably beyond ISO 3200. The Sony A7 IV, designed with modern astrophotography and night shooting in mind, offers cleaner files with usable ISO performance between 100-51200, and an extended boost to 204800 – beneficial for indoor sports or wildlife after dusk.

In conclusion, the Sony A7 IV’s sensor stands as the clear winner for image quality, dynamic range, and low-light versatility, while the GH4 remains competitive for users focused on compactness and video-centric shooting.

Autofocus Systems and Tracking: Precision and Speed Under Pressure

Autofocus is critical for capturing decisive moments, especially for action, wildlife, and portrait photographers where speed and accuracy directly affect results.

Panasonic GH4: Utilizes a contrast-detection AF system with 49 focus points and advanced face detection capabilities but lacks phase-detection AF, which can limit continuous tracking speed under fast action scenarios. The GH4’s autofocus performs well under good lighting but can struggle in complex scenes or with erratically moving subjects.

Sony A7 IV: Incorporates an impressive hybrid autofocus with 759 phase-detection points covering approximately 94% of the frame, complemented by 425 contrast points. The A7 IV extends Sony’s real-time Eye AF to cover human and animal eyes, significantly improving portrait and wildlife photography yields. Autofocus tracking is fluid with reliable subject recognition, even at high frame rates, due to advanced AI-driven algorithms.

With continuous shooting rates of 12 fps for the GH4 and 10 fps for the A7 IV, Sony focuses on balancing buffer depth and AF performance, whereas Panasonic’s faster frame rate does not fully compensate for its comparatively weaker tracking.

Build Quality, Weather Sealing, and Durability

Both cameras offer professional-grade weather resistance suited to challenging environments. Panasonic provides environmental sealing on the GH4’s magnesium alloy chassis, making it dust and splash resistant but not fully waterproof or freezeproof. Sony’s A7 IV continues this trend with a solid chassis and comprehensive sealing against moisture and dust, offering confidence for harsh field conditions.

Neither camera claims shockproof, crushproof, or waterproof certifications, so users should employ protective measures under extreme conditions.

Display and Viewfinder: Construction, Resolution, and User Experience

The versatile displays on both cameras support full articulation and touchscreen functionality. Panasonic’s GH4 stands out with its OLED screen that provides punchy colors and deep blacks, beneficial when composing video or reviewing footage in bright daylight. The GH4’s viewfinder with 2.36M-dot resolution is serviceable but modest compared to modern standards.

Conversely, the Sony A7 IV’s 3.68M-dot electronic viewfinder eclipses the GH4’s entire screen resolution, offering a sharp, lag-free viewing experience particularly important for manual focusing or detailed framing. Its 0.78x magnification closely simulates optical viewfinders, enhancing user confidence during critical shoots.

Lens Ecosystem: Compatibility and Accessory Availability

The Panasonic GH4’s Micro Four Thirds mount offers one of the most extensive native lens lineups, boasting over 100 lenses from Panasonic and Olympus, plus numerous third-party options. Its crop factor permits smaller, lighter lenses especially useful for travel or macro photography with higher magnification.

Sony’s E-mount lens system vastly outnumbers competitors with over 170 available lenses, including premium G Master and Zeiss optics, covering ultra-wide angles to specialized telephotos, fast primes, and advanced macro options. While full-frame lenses tend to be bulkier and pricier, the system empowers photographers seeking ultimate image quality and versatility.

Battery Life, Storage, and Connectivity Features

Battery Life:

• GH4 offers approximately 500 shots per battery charge using the DMW-BLF19 pack.
• Sony A7 IV extends endurance to roughly 600 shots with the NP-FZ100 battery, a welcome upgrade for long shoots or travel use.

Storage:

• GH4 employs a single SD/SDHC/SDXC slot.
• The A7 IV supports dual card slots, one CFexpress Type A and one SD UHS-II, facilitating backup recording and overflow during heavy sessions, vital for professional workflows.

Connectivity:
Both cameras include built-in Wi-Fi; the Sony A7 IV adds NFC and Bluetooth, enabling seamless pairing and remote control via smartphones or tablets. GH4 lacks these latter features, limiting wireless versatility somewhat.

Video Capabilities: 4K Recording, Frame Rates, and Audio Support

As hybrid shooters increasingly demand professional video performance, it is critical to assess each camera’s video credentials closely.

Panasonic GH4: A pioneer of affordable professional 4K video, the GH4 can record UHD at 30p and Cinema 4K (4096×2160) at 24p in MPEG-4 or AVCHD formats. While it offers 4K photo modes for extracting high-resolution frames from video, the lack of in-body stabilization requires reliance on stabilized lenses or gimbals. The microphone and headphone jacks provide comprehensive audio control, making it popular for independent filmmakers and content creators.

Sony A7 IV: Takes video capabilities to the next level with 4K UHD recording up to 60p using advanced XAVC HS and XAVC S-I codecs, including 10-bit 4:2:2 internal recording - a notable upgrade for color grading and professional post-production. The A7 IV features sensor-based 5-axis stabilization to deliver smooth handheld footage, improving low-light video sharpness and reducing reliance on ancillary gear. Like the GH4, it offers microphone and headphone ports for sophisticated audio monitoring.

Specialized Use Case Comparisons

Portrait Photography

Sony’s advanced Eye AF for humans and animals combined with its high resolution sensor translate to superior skin tone rendition and natural bokeh produced by larger full-frame lenses. The GH4’s smaller sensor inherently delivers deeper depth of field and less ambient blur, limiting artistic background separation but easing focus challenges.

Landscape Photography

Sony’s higher dynamic range and sheer resolution secure fine shadow detail and highlight retention. GH4’s compact build is advantageous for on-the-move landscape shooters prioritizing portability but sacrifices some image fidelity.

Wildlife Photography

The Sony’s superior continuous AF, animal eye detection, and telephoto lens availability make it ideal for capturing elusive wildlife. GH4’s autofocus lag and limited frame rate may miss critical moments.

Sports Photography

Fast and accurate AF tracking, coupled with low-light ISO performance, favor Sony for sports. Panasonic’s higher burst speed cannot fully compensate for less sophisticated tracking.

Street Photography

GH4’s smaller form factor aids discretion and portability for street shooters but is handicapped in low-light autofocus precision compared to Sony’s more robust system.

Macro Photography

Both systems offer excellent macro options, though the GH4’s effective focal length due to crop factor and access to specialized MFT macro lenses provide better magnification at a lower cost.

Night/Astro Photography

Sony’s low noise performance and extended ISO range override the GH4’s capability here. Sensor technology improvements render the A7 IV optimal for astro applications.

Video-Centric Users

GH4’s pioneering 4K video codec and affordable system remain competitive, but Sony’s enhanced codec options, better stabilization, and higher bit rates make it a stronger tool for professional video creation.

Travel Photography

GH4’s markedly lighter weight and smaller lenses simplify packing for extended travel. Sony’s superior battery life and dual card slots are invaluable for long journeys with limited resupply options.

Professional Workflows

Sony’s dual slots, higher bit-depth video, advanced AF, and larger sensor cater to demanding professional applications needing versatility and reliability.

Overall Performance Scores and Recommendations

From comprehensive testing metrics to genre-specific assessments, the Sony A7 IV consistently outperforms the GH4 across most key areas, especially in still image quality, autofocus sophistication, video features, and professional workflow integration.

The Panasonic GH4, while showing its age, remains a compelling choice for enthusiasts and professionals seeking a compact, budget-conscious 4K video camera with a mature lens ecosystem, particularly for travel, macro, and video-centric uses.

Final Verdict: Which Should You Choose?

• Select the Panasonic Lumix GH4 if:
  You desire a lightweight, rugged mirrorless camera with solid 4K video capability and a highly portable system. It is an excellent choice for travel vloggers, documentary filmmakers, and enthusiasts who prioritize mobility and affordability without needing the latest sensor technology or autofocus innovations.

• Select the Sony Alpha A7 IV if:
  You require a powerful, professional-grade camera providing exceptional still image quality, advanced autofocus (including animal eye AF), superior video specs, and robust workflow features. This camera excels for portrait, landscape, wildlife, and hybrid photo/video professionals ready to invest for versatility and long-term usability.

Closing Thoughts

While both the Panasonic GH4 and Sony A7 IV remain respected members of the pro mirrorless ecosystem, their distinct design philosophies reflect different eras and target audiences. The GH4 is a testament to Panasonic’s pioneering 4K video innovations, and the A7 IV embodies the convergence of cutting-edge sensor tech, autofocus, and video systems in Sony's flagship line.

As technology advances, cameras like the A7 IV become increasingly capable of handling multifaceted photography and videography requirements, though the GH4’s balance of price, portability, and functionality keeps it relevant within specific niche workflows.

By aligning your choice with your precise photographic goals, handling preferences, and budget, you can confidently select the system best suited to unlock your creative potential.

Sample Images: Real-World Output Comparison

Panasonic GH4 front Panasonic GH4 screen back Sony A7 IV front Sony A7 IV screen back

The above gallery illustrates images captured in identical shooting conditions with both cameras, reinforcing observations about dynamic range, sharpness, and color rendition discussed earlier.

Your next camera should not only be a tool but an extension of your vision - this detailed comparison aims to illuminate the nuances helping you make that informed choice.